How useful are the terms realism and abstraction in acco essays

How useful are the terms realism and abstraction in acco essays In order to examine this question the words realism and abstraction must be defined. How useful are the terms of realism and abstraction? Realism a word which is used meaning fidelity to life, but more usefully confined to the 19th century movement in painting, a word that is also used in conjunction with the reaction against Romanticism (Read,1994, p299). Abstraction a term often used for not representing things pictorially it is also art that does not imitate or directly represents external reality, non-figurative art or not representational though ultimately derived form reality (Read, 1994, p7). The two pieces of works to be looked at are: Stenographic Figure c.1942 and Full Fathom five c. 1947 both are good examples of the rapid changes in Pollocks work. By the mid 1940s Jackson Pollock was painting in a completely abstract manner, and the drip and splash style for which he is best known emerged with some abruptness in 1947. Instead of using the traditional easel he put his canvas to the floor or the wall and poured and dripped his paint from a can; instead of using brushes he worked with sticks, trowels or knives, sometimes to add more texture to his painting he would mix sand, broken glass or other foreign matter into the paint. The term realism is particularly helpfully in determining the nature of Pollocks work. We see his reaction to romanticism he combines the oppositions of figure/non-figure and vertical/horizontal. He accomplishes this through the use of indistinct figuration on top of the linear web of the all-over drip paintings. Pollock's use of the opposition of figuration/non-figuration is defined by Krauss and Fried (although their interpretations differ in content). The second opposition that of the vertical/horizontal emerges upon close examination of the canvas and the materials used. Although the use of planar opposition hearkens back to Mondrian. ...

Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Essays

Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Essays Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Paper Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Paper In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, written by Hisaye Yamamoto, and â€Å"Everyday Use†, written by Alice Walker, the relationship between the mother and the daughter is portrayed. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the protagonist, Rosie is an American born Japanese (Nisei) who does not understand well about the Japanese culture, whereas her Issei mother, Mrs. Hayashi was born and raised in Japan and married to America. Mrs. Hayashi loves writing haiku, a traditional Japanese poetry, to escape from the reality of her loveless marriage. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Mama is a traditional Afro-American woman, who receives little education and raised her two daughters by doing ‘man’s job’. Dee instead influenced by the Black Power Movement, tried to trace back her African root. She learned the African culture and changed her name into Wangero. This essay hopes to explore the similarities and differences of the mother-daughter relationship depicted in these two short stories, which is Rosie and Mrs. Hayashi, and Dee and Mama respectively. To start with, one of the similarities is that there is alienation in the two pairs due to cultural differences. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie represents the American culture and Mrs. Hayashi represents the Japanese culture. Rosie was born and raised in America and English is her mother language; whereas her mother, Mrs. Hayashi ‘had even less English, no French’ as her mother tongue is Japanese. She came to America as a picture bride to deveop a loveless marriage with Rosie’s father and her Japanese culture is deep-rooted. She loves to write haiku, which Rosie fails to understand it. She thinks â€Å"English lay ready on the tongue but Japanese had to be searched for and examined. Due to their difference in cultural background, Rosie finds it difficult to communicate with her mother. She has to ‘pretended to understand the haiku thoroughly and appreciate it no end’ when her mother reads her the haiku she wrote. Therefore, she turns out communicating less with her mother and fakes her mother by â€Å"saying yes yes, even when one meant no, no. â €  This can be seen when Mrs. Hayashi asks Rosie to comment on the haiku she writes, and Rosie replies in a perfunctory way. There is deception from Rosie to Mrs. Hayashi as well. Similarly, there is also alienation between the mother and the daughter, Mama and Dee in â€Å"Everyday Use† due to cultural differences. Mama represents a normal woman in the Afro-American culture; whereas Dee denies her original culture of an Afro- American and learns the African culture due to Black Power Movement. Mama, as a Black American, lives in the rural South of the States and receives little education only. Mama is strong and does quilting at home. Dee, on the other hand, adapts an African culture which she learns from books and her peers. However, this African culture is vague and superficial. This can be seen when she changes her name from Dee to Wangero because she â€Å"couldn’t bear to be named after the people who oppress [her]†, but ‘Wangero’ in fact is a mispelt name of an African language. Due to their differences in cultural beliefs, they have different views and perspectives on things and heritages like quilts and churn. Mama thinks that according to tradition, churn and quilts are for everyday and practical use. But to Wangero, quilts are in fact dead object and should be appreciated as an art work. Their different view on things lead to alienation between the mother and the daughter. Another similarity is that this inter-generational difference both leads to isolation and difficulty in understanding each other in the two stories. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie, as an Americanized girl, lacks interest in learning and understanding haiku or Japanese culture as a whole. Even when she goes over to see the Hayano family, she and the four sisters discusses the new coat in English and lacks the Japanese manners which is deep-seeded in the Japanese culture. This difference in lifestyle and habits cause her hard to communicate with her traditional Japanese mother. The conflict between Rosie and Mrs. Hayashi mirrors the conflicts between the Issei and Nisei. The Nisei generation, who knows â€Å"formal Japanese by fits and starts†, has totally no interest on the traditional Japanese culture. However, the Issei generation sticks to their original culture and even starts magazines to trace back their life in Japan. As a result, the two generations, the Issei, Mrs. Hayashi and the Nisei, Rosie find it difficult to understand each other. It results in the isolation of the two generation. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, there is also isolation and oppression between the mother-daughter relationship of Mama and Dee. After Dee grows up and receives education, it makes her differ from the rest of the family who only stays in the sub-urban area and receives less or no education. She is exposed to the values of the new world with civil rights and equality, which Mama has totally no idea of what they are. Dee has greater visibility and zero tolerance for equality. Also, Dee has a sense of autonomy and individuality after receiving education. These are the things that Mama has not got in touch with before. Therefore, it leads to them not understanding the action of each other. For example, Dee wants to use the churn top and quilts as artistic uses and she do not understand why they are â€Å"backward enough to put them to everyday use†. Mama however sees the churn top as a kind of heritage which has been used for generation. It is the most appropriated to use it practically. Their difference in interpretation and knowledge of civil rights make Dee isolated herself from Mama and the family. It also leads to difficulty in understanding of another person’s acts. Although there are similarities regarding the mother-daughter relationship in the two set stories, there are also some differences in their relationship. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie, the Nisei daughter falls victim to the mother’s experience. At that time, Rosie is struggling whether she should accept the love from Jesus or not. When Jesus kisses her, she â€Å"fell for the entirely victim to a helplessness delectable beyond speech†. However, toward the end of the story, her mother reveals her past experience to Rosie. Although Rosie do not want to know the truth which â€Å"would combine with the other violence of the hot afternoon to level her life to the very ground†, Mrs. Hayashi still tells Rosie the story about her and her young lover. She asks Rosie to promise her not to get marry as well as she do not want her daughter to face the same destiny. Rosie is in the dilemma of whether to reject Jesus and follows her mother’s word, or still follows her heart to tell Jesus how she feels. From this, we can see that the daughter falls victim to the mother’s past of whether starting a relationship or not. However, in â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is the mother, Mama who falls victim to the daughter, Dee’s experience instead. Dee, after receiving education, starts to use her knowledge to dominate the family. She gets in touch with others through schooling and education, which Maggie and Mama do not have the chance to do so. However, Mama actually thinks that these new ideas and knowledge that she has never known cause them fear and intimidation instead. It is described by Mama that Dee â€Å"washed us in a river of make-believe and burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know†. Mama even thinks that they are â€Å"trapped† underneath Dee’s voice when she told them the things she learned in school. Dee uses her intellect to intimidate others, such as greeting her mother with a language Mama do not speak. These knowledge has even posted a threat to the simple world Mama and Maggie is living and separated Dee from her family. This divisive power of education leads to her mother falls victim to Dee’s experience. To conclude, there are similarities and differences in the mother-daughter relationship in â€Å"Seventeen Syllables† and â€Å"Everyday Use†. The two pairs, Mama and Dee, and Mrs. Hayashi and Rosie, are both alienated and lack of understanding of each other due to cultural and inter-generational differences. However, the victims in these two relationships are different. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the daughter struggles from the mother’s experiences; but in â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is the mother instead who struggles from the knowledge the daughter forces to her which she thinks is unnecessary and hard to understand.

UK Climate Change Policy and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UK Climate Change Policy and Law - Essay Example Recent initiatives, however, have expressed particular interest in this rapidly emerging global issue. Aside from the United States and Canada, the United Kingdom has been continuously pushing efforts in making its effects known and be heard. Together with its various concerned agencies, the United Kingdom has been devising ways and means in providing research and development on climate change, as well as in implementing laws and policies that would alleviate, if not fully eradicate this global issue. At this point in time, the question now lies on whether these policies and laws would be effective enough in effecting change, not only in the United Kingdom, but as well as in the entire world. This paper is aimed at discussing the issue, as well as the policies and laws related to climate change. In the end, it is hoped that this essay would shed some light on some key issues on climate change, and as to how it would affect in the long run.

Diet and Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diet and Nutrition - Essay Example This essay focuses on the role of health policies in Australia and how they are going about working towards achieving a healthier way of life for the community and what measures have been taken with regard to this particular health issue. What are the changes brought about in the general attitudes of the people Is the impact positive, negative or neutral What more can be done to make the system more efficient and universal These are a few questions this essay attempts to answer. The faced pace of life coupled with a sedentary lifestyle has brought along with it a myriad of diseases and health problems which were unknown to humankind a till a century ago. On one hand medical science has emerged victorious in fighting the battle against plague, small pox and to an extent polio as well but on the other hand humankind today has become more susceptible to diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity strokes, cancers and AIDS. The prevalence of these ailments is more in developed nations, which is a major cause of concern as they greatly affect a nations health care budget. It is of common knowledge that most of these diseases stem from poor dietary habits, lack of physical exercise although they are confounded by various other hereditary and psycho- social factors. Since it is a very vast area, the intensity and impact of is difficult to assess and control. It thus continues to eat into our society like an invisible malignancy. The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization states that: 'health is not just the physical well-being of an individual, but the social, emotional, and cultural well-being of the whole community in which each individual is able to achieve their full potential as a human being thereby bringing about the total well-being of their community'1 Keeping this statement in mind we shall discuss the negative impact and repercussions of improper diet and nutrition, which is currently a national health priority with the Australian Health Care System. Today's "yuppie lifestyle" has bred the demand of "instant and readymade". People do not have the time to assess their nutritional requirements and the exhaustive timings in the corporate world leave them with no energy for physical exercise. There is no fixed pattern for meals, meals are skipped many a times and whatever food is available is consumed without second thoughts. The easiest solution in this solution seems to be fast food or processed food, which is available off the racks. This results in excessive consumption of salt, trans- fats and sugars, which are all anti - health agents. Health status of an individual primarily depends upon the quantity and quality of the food consumed-the right type and amount of food is important in meeting the nutritional needs of the body and fighting chronic

Substance Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Substance Dualism - Essay Example This essay discusses that pertinent questions regarding mind-body processes are the ontological and the causal question. The former attempts to establish what amounts to mental state and to physical state, while the latter attempts to establish whether either of these states influence one another, and the manner in which such influence, if it exists, is achieved. Substance dualism addresses these questions by observing that properties describe objects, hence the existence of one makes the other inexcusable. A normal human being is thus made up of two substances, the first being the body, and the other being the person, which refers to the mind and is logically synonymous to the soul. Definition of the latter transcends thought and consciousness, as noted by Descartes, yet it remains plausible to say that the person and the body have dissimilar identities, hence are different substances.This research highlights that  the argument for substance dualism rests with Descartes conception s that the essence of mind is thought while that of the body is extension, with the resulting duality being reminiscent of the duality of substances.  The first premise is rather direct since it espouses that if two objects say x and y are identical, then they must be the same object, which implies that one cannot exist without the other.  Denying the co-existence would mean denying the very first relationship, that of identity.

Fiscal Policy Essay Example for Free

Fiscal Policy Essay The United States’ economy has gone through many different stages from deficits and surpluses to a large debt. These can affect people in many ways. This paper will cover the United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt and how it affects taxpayers, future Social Security and Medicare users, unemployed individuals, University of Phoenix students, the United States’ financial reputation on an international level, a domestic automotive manufacturing exporter, an Italian clothing company importer, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Tax Payers The United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt effect taxpayers greatly. The deficit affects taxpayers because when the country is running a deficit, it means that the supply of money is low. The taxpayers are then called upon to lessen the low supply of money that the government uses to run. A surplus affects taxpayers because even though the country may be running a surplus and taxes decrease, they are still there. The citizens of the country will still be required to pay taxes even if there is a surplus. The country’s debt affects taxpayers the most because it is the tax revenue that is used to pay off the debt that the country has gotten itself into. Future Social Security and Medicare Users The future Social Security and Medicare users will be impacted by the United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt. The United States’ surplus can be beneficial for the future of Social Security and Medicare because it provides additional funds into the funds that are already available. However, this is not the same with the deficit and the debt. As the deficit and the debt increases, more funds are borrowed from these trust funds, which are eliminating any surplus. Before long, funds for Social Security and Medicare will be exhausted, and the programs will no longer be able provide help to the disabled and elderly. Unemployed Individuals The United States deficit, surplus, and debt do have effects on the unemployed. During a deficit, the employees can find themselves unemployed and trying to find another job but with the government budget having to make cuts the unemployed employees are having issues with finding new jobs. Even the surplus budget can cause changes with the workforce. The problem is that with the government having a surplus of resources, it can cause the employee to overspend and things can change very quickly to where the government is back to a deficit, which in return causes employees to lose their jobs. University of Phoenix Student The United States deficit, surplus, and debt have an impact on the University of Phoenix students as well. Many of the students at the University of Phoenix depend on financial aid from the government to help pay for their schooling expenses. When the budget is lowered some of the students that attend the University of Phoenix will not be able to pay for classes on their own and will be forced to drop out of school. On the other hand if the United States had a surplus the government would be able to raise the budget for education and put more money towards schooling. The United States Financial Reputation on an International Level The United States financial reputation on an international level is becoming an issue that has been debated repeatedly; it sometimes becomes a fundamental and comprehensive issue that hinders the acknowledged strength of the U.S. as a â€Å"power-house† on an international level. The United States financial reputation on an international level is giv en its proper respect, the major problem that is seen in the stock market and the Nasdex are the budget deficit and the U.S. debt, which limits the resources to spend on production and investments. A domestic automotive manufacturing (exporter) The United States national debt could also affect exporters. When the United States deficit is high and the government owes money, interest rates are raised. The increased interest rates have an effect on domestic automotive manufacturing companies. Domestic automotive manufacturing companies would have to let go some of their employees or outsource to another country that has a competitive lead in labor and production costs, due to the company’s loss of income. However, when the government is operating under a surplus interest rates are lowered. Making it affordable for domestic automotive manufacturing companies to produce more and grow their company, which supports spending increasing the number of jobs and the export of goods. Italian Clothing Company The deficit, surplus, and debt of the United States affects an Italian Clothing Company because; when it comes down to the United States deficit, it would cause the market to be over-run by foreign products. The rate in which a country is exporting is not at the level with it’s’ exports, a surplus would lead to more importation by the Italian Clothing Company and debt, it would cause the imports to be reduced (because many business partner would be hesitant to do business with the importer. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a better way for the government to measure how the nation handles deficit. It also provides input on the nation’s capability of paying off debt. The GDP helps determine what size deficit and how much debt the nation can manage. If there is a surplus within the funds of the GDP it is removed from the national debt. If there is a deficit, it is added to the national debt. The debt can be reduced through inflation and real growth as the GDP grows. This can still leave large nominal budget deficits with small real deficits. With real growth, the nation can handle more debt so more debt can be incurred. This occurs when the nation becomes financially enriched. The economy of the country has a great effect on many aspects of the lives of its citizens. The U.S.’s deficit, surplus and debt greatly impact each aspect of our everyday lives. It’s something that we have to deal with together as a whole because everyone deals with the effec ts of it.

BMW Essay -- essays research papers

BMW Strengths   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BMW is a well-known company with a high status branding that has a very high recognition factor. The company has been strengths in both research and development and design as well as in marketing. For example when it comes to marketing it was a BMW advertisement that was the first e-advertisement that made it to Campaigns 'Pick of the Week' (Doman). However, in a long-term purchase such as these, there is a need for more substance than just marketing, otherwise the life of the company would be relatively short due to the nature of the purchase. It is in these longer-term systems and strategies that we can see many of the strengths of BMW, we can consider these by starting with the market position of the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BMW as well as Mercedes' and a few other companies have managed too successfully attain a market position where they have a focus on a narrow range of exclusive cars. These can be seen as aimed at the market place that is not also sensitive to price, and as such we must argue that the market positioning may be seen as a strength as there will not be such a reaction if the economic conditions change. The customers that are in the target group are happy to pay a premium price for what they perceive as a premium product (Thompson).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This may not be so true of the subsidiary companies that have had different problems, such as the ill-fated Rover group. However, the core product has remained strong (Thompson). This may be seen as diversification, and some of the diversification may also be seen as a strength, for example the purchase of Rolls Royce where there is a similar strategy, however the range and target market are even more focussed and exclusive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The strategy of BMW is designed to be defensive against other car manufactures, and as we will see when it comes to the section on threats this is a defensive strategy that BMW have adopted after learning the need for defensive as well as aggressive marketing and strategies. These strategies can be seen as follows;  Customers may choose any color that the wish from the entire range, this is only matched by Rolls Royce and Aston Martin, other companies offer a choice of color but only wi... ....   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The position of BMW is relatively strong; they have made mistakes, but appear to be learning form them. Their relatively small size can be seen as justified in such a competitive market by their own market position. Therefore as long as the company retains it focus and is not tempted into too great a level of diversification then it should have a bright future. Work Cited European Car, (no author cited), (2001, May), Hydrogen-powered BMW 750hL, European Car, v32 i5 p14 The Economist (UK), (no author cited), (2000, April 1), Milberg's mission. (Strategy of BMW, The Economist (UK), p70 (2) Lorenz Andrew, (2000, Dec 20), Rover and out. (BMW's sale of Rover, automobiles) Autocar, v226 i12 p62 (4) Mintzberg H Quinn J B, Ghoshal S (1998), The Strategy Process, London. Prentice Hall. Thompson J (1998) Strategic Management; Awareness and Change, London, Thomson Business Press Wells Melanie, (2001, April 16), Giving an Old Brand New Mystique. Forbes, p198s02 Foundry Management & Technology, (no author cited), (2000, July), BMW, Ford Motor Sign Definitive Agreement for Land Rover, Foundry Management & Technology, v128 i7 p8