Management of Change

School/Portfolio:| The Business School| Course Code/ID:| BUMKT5901| Course Title:| Marketing| Teaching Location:| MIT Melbourne| Program(s): | MBA| Author:| Kimble Montagu/Robert Errey| Level:| Introductory | Semester:| Insert| Prerequisite(s):| Nil | Corequisite(s):| Nil| Exclusion(s):| Nil| Credit Points/Progress Units:| 15| ASCED Code:| 080505| Adopted Reference Style APAhttp://www. ballarat. edu. au/library/task and-examination help/referencing/apa-style 1COURSE Organization: 1. 1Handbook/sFor full subtleties of projects and school systems, if it's not too much trouble allude to the University of Ballarat handbook and The Business School Programs Handbooks accessible at: http://www. ballarat. edu. au/current-understudies/distributions,- strategies and-structures/handbook/2012 http://www. ballarat. edu. au/business/handbooks Important data situated in the handbooks incorporates: * Student duty * Special Consideration procedure and structures * Submission of undertakings and assign ments * Appeal process * Unsatisfactory advancement †Early Intervention * Grading codes 1. 2StaffThe most suitable contact is your teacher. In the event that essential they will contact the Course Coordinator at the University of Ballarat. | Coordinator| Lecturer| Tutor| Name:| Kimble Montagu| Kimble Montagu| N/a| Phone:| 0437 443 323| 0437 443 323| | Fax:| | Email:|  k. [emailâ protected] edu. au|  k. [emailâ protected] edu. au| | Office:| | Web:| | 1. 3Classes | Monday| Tuesday| Wednesday| Thursday| Friday| Saturday| Sunday| Morning| | Afternoon| | Evening| | Insert important time(s)/day(s)â€then erase this messageStudents are reminded that class participation is imperative. While it is valued that work responsibilities can encroach upon class participation you should know that there is something else entirely to getting the hang of Marketing than simply perusing the content as well as the talk slides. Interest in class activities and conversations, seeing DVDs, work ing together with your gathering individuals and different colleagues all add to an a lot more extravagant learning experience. In the event that you are going to miss all or a portion of a class, at that point you have to tell the instructor and your gathering individuals what is happening.History has demonstrated that understudies who miss classes battle to accomplish the higher evaluations. 1. 4Consultation Hours By arrangementâ€please email for an arrangement. 1. 5Prescribed Text This subject will be led on the assumption that understudies have a duplicate of: Iacobucci, D. (2012) MM3. Artisan, OH: South-Western Cengage. 1. 6Plagiarism Plagiarism is introducing another person function as your own and is a genuine offense with genuine results. As set out in the University Regulation 6. 1. 1, understudies who are found copying will, for a first offense, be given a zero imprint for that task.A second offense will bring about a bombing grade for the course(s) included and any ens uing offense will be alluded to the Student Discipline Committee. Understudy must know about the University Regulation 6. 1. 1 Student Plagiarism, accessible at http://www. ballarat. edu. au/enactment/6. 1. 1-copyright infringement. The connection to the library site for more data is: http://www. ballarat. edu. au/library/task and-examination help/referencing Students must: * completely reference the source(s) of all material, regardless of whether you have re-communicated the thoughts, realities or portrayals; * recognize every single direct citation; and not submit work that has been investigated and composed by someone else Turnitinâ€this programming application permits understudies to check their assignments for referencing and reference exclusion or mistaken summarizing. Put an announcement here about how/where to present the assignments 1. 7UBOnline UBOnline is utilized to have course assets for all courses. Understudies can download talk and instructional exercise notes to help class interest. Understudies login to the UBOnline at https://ubonline. ballarat. edu. au/login/file. php. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ 2OBJECTIVES: 2. 1General remarks The targets of this course are to acquaint with you the key standards and practices of promoting and to build up your capacity to comprehend and utilize advertising procedures and methods. The improvement of your explanatory and introduction aptitudes will likewise be accentuated in this course. Advertising plays out a particular job inside the association. It tries to build conviction in the income stream today and into the future (Ambler, Marketing and the primary concern, 2000).The way of thinking that supports how this is accomplished can be just expressed as looking to comprehend and fulfill client needs and needs as a feature of the way toward accomplishing the associations goals (Kotler et. al. 2009). To execute this way of thinking to satisfy its job i nside an association, promoting follows a procedure that contains various parts and devices. The clear effortlessness of the assignment as depicted above, covers an unpredictability that will keep you occupied with the control for some years.Good advertisers can draw experiences from the hypothesis, apply it to the everyday and create advancements in promoting movement that conveys accomplishment to the association. It is, in this manner, proposed that associations which grasp advertising are more successful and effective at creating income than that those which don't. An increasingly specialized clarification of the way toward promoting is that organizations expect to convey an incentive to their clients in a scope of circumstances and settings by means of an item or a service.The idea of significant worth is one we think about right off the bat in the course. Organizations generally convey an incentive to clients by building up a deliberately arranged and oversaw approach and by c omprehension their marketsâ€that is, their clients, who are normally separated into gatherings of individuals (alluded to as market portions) who share comparative perspectives or qualities. The idea of recognizing and getting (target) portions is the premise of shopper conduct; a key part of the course.The manner by which organizations really structure, and convey an item or administration to address the issues, needs and requests of their business sectors lies at the very heart of the showcasing idea and this is the advertising blend. This multi-faceted theme covers the rest of the talk arrangement. There are four key pieces of the advertising blend we center around: item, value, place (coordinations), and advancement. Truth be told, there are additionally three other Psâ€people, physical proof and procedure. We don't cover these in this courseâ€not in light of the fact that they are not significant but rather on the grounds that we basically don't have the opportunity (t hey are shrouded in numerous textbooks).Each part of the advertising blend (and in fact, of promoting all in all) needs to convey deliberately arranged an incentive to the marketâ€so we come back to the basic idea of significant worth which lies at the very heart of showcasing. The above spotlights on how organizations offer some benefit to clients (known as client esteem). Be that as it may, client esteem likewise has another meaningâ€the budgetary worth clients give firms through their acquisition of merchandise and ventures and the utilization of pre-and post-deal administrations. The budgetary result related with the company’s advertising program is a basic issue for Boards and senior management.On fruition of this course, you ought to have the option to: 2. 2Knowledge * Recognize and comprehend the essential center ideas and procedures of advertising * Explain showcasing and its job in the public arena and distinguish the rules that support promoting direction * De scribe the assortment of showcasing exercises important to satisfy the showcasing the executives procedure * Have obtained a comprehension of the central ideas and procedures of advertising and the standards hidden the advancement of advertising methodologies . 3Skills * Select proper techniques and instruments for actualizing promoting systems * Demonstrate and apply this information to give answers for advertising issues * Solve showcasing issues, and compose apt scholarly and business reports to meet scholastic and business standards * Differentiate between associations that are advertising focused and those that are not 2. 4Values Appreciate the advertising circumstances that can happen for a scope of items, administrations and thoughts, and the showcasing practices of different associations in people in general and private areas including the not-revenue driven associations * Understand and value the job of the advertiser as one which adds to an organisation’s objectives through fulfilling the necessities of the buyer and the more extended term needs of society (values/perspectives based destinations) 3CONTENT: 3. 1Topics and sub-subjects may include: See the timetable close to the furthest limit of this course portrayal for a point by point rundown of key themes to be shrouded in this course. You will be acquainted with the showcasing idea and its advancement. The job of promoting in a cutting edge business condition will be talked about remembering the path for which the advertising framework interrelates with affecting factors. Current topical issues, including moral contemplations and green promoting, will be raised. * The basic ideas of ‘value exchange’ and ‘customer value’ will be stressed. * Marketing’s job inside the association and the basic standards and procedures for promoting dynamic, showcasing arranging, advertising research and the advancement of showcasing methodologies will be talked about. You wil l increase a comprehension of the powers influencing market elements and a prologue to customer conduct, showcase division, target advertising and situating. * The components of the showcasing blend and related ideas will be secured including the item life cycle, new item advancement, brands and bundling, valuing, circulation and flexibly, promoting and interchanges. * The association, control and assessment of the advertising exercises inside a firm will

How to Write a Successful Health and Fitness Topics Essay

How to Write a Successful Health and Fitness Topics EssayWhile health and fitness topics are important, they aren't the only topics that can help your resume stand out. Many employers prefer to read a resume that is filled with research and evidence-based information, not just topics and exercises. If you're getting a job interview because you wrote a dissertation on the subject of healthy eating habits, don't be discouraged: you may have a different message.As you probably know, many public health organizations encourage and sponsor research projects to help people eat better, exercise more, and avoid bad habits. Your health and fitness topic should be written from this perspective: your personal stories about how you've learned how to live healthy and lead a healthy lifestyle. Your topic should also include evidence-based tools to make healthy living easier.Health topics that start with tips for eating, exercising, and living healthier should always start with your own advice. Your goal is to establish yourself as an expert in your field, so your essay should start by providing your own information and advice.Some public health organizations even offer scholarships and grant money for those who want to continue their education on the health and wellness of the population. You could be eligible for this scholarship and grant money if you put together a health and fitness topics essay. You can write a lot about all the ways you've made a healthy living easier for yourself or for others.In addition to tips for eating, exercising, and living healthy, health topics are typically divided into different categories. They can be about nutrition, exercise, or fitness-related issues. Topics that fall under one of these categories might be as follows: obesity, cancer, chronic diseases, heart disease, or various types of cancer.Whether you have a medical background or you're just writing an essay to share your experiences with others, you should look into the facts behind the topic of health topics. When writing a health topics essay, make sure that you're basing your information on solid studies and research. If you're unsure what constitutes solid research, ask the information officer of the organization where you're applying to write a health and fitness topics essay.A second tip for writing a health topics essay is to provide a little bit of personality to your research. Your topic should reflect your personal values and lifestyle. If you're writing an essay about weight loss, for example, don't simply advise readers to 'eat healthy and exercise' - they already know what those things mean, even if they haven't learned the details of exactly how to do them.As you can see, health topics can be just as much fun as they are serious. Don't be afraid to share your own experiences, but make sure that the information you share in your health and fitness topics essay includes both data and advice. By doing so, you'll be setting yourself apart from other applicants and landing a job interview.

Journal Of Australian Traditional-Medicine - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine about the Journal Of Australian Traditional-Medicine. Answer: Presentation Occasion Management manages the utilization of venture the board for the making of enormous scope occasion like celebration, functions and shows. It includes an investigation of the brand, ID of target crowd, developing the idea, and co-appointment of the specialized perspectives before the real occasion happens (Clarke 2015). Sydney Vegan Market goes about as a definitive goal of everything that is veggie lover. It covers everything from new nourishment, home products, espresso to that of style. It principally manages nourishment things like burgers, cheddar wraps, cheddar and espresso. This report explains on the motivation behind the occasion and examinations the occasion administration and effect appraisal of the occasion. Reason, objectives and targets of the occasion The basic role of Sydney Vegan showcase is to help the veggie lovers with the goal that they can keep up their veganism. The primary target of the occasion is to take into account those individuals who need to see contrast corresponding to veganism in Sydney (Sydneyveganmarket.com, 2018). There is a lot of discussion about humane and moral conduct in the current age and Sydney Vegan showcase needs to serve this end. The objective of the occasion is to make and produce items which are totally veggie lover and it helps in interfacing the similarly invested individuals. Occasion area, length, recurrence The area of Sydney Vegan Market is Sydney Portuguese Community Club 100 Marrickville Road, Marrickville NSW 2204 Australia. It is hung on the third Sunday of every month and it runs between 9 am to that of 4pm. It will be held in 21st January, 2018. The Event program The program of the occasion features an alternate sort of eating and living. This occasion takes into account the need of those individuals who need to eat veggie lover enjoyment and need to purchase items that is sans savagery. The individuals who make vegetarian items or need to test veggie lover items can receive the reward from this sort of a program. Principled clients can meander through the slows down and is allowed to taste, purchase and peruse and they don't need to stress over brutality. This occasion is for the most part identified with nourishment and the most mainstream veggie lover brand of Sydney go to this occasion. Live amusement would give another explanation that would help in drawing the consideration of the group (Blundell 2014). It would likewise offer vegetarian candles, frill alongside excellence items and clients can evaluate any item they need. The enormous names that would go to the Sydney Vegan Market in January is that of Soul Burger, Suzy Spoon Vegetaria n Butcher alongside that of Cruelty Free Shop. Over the Moo would deal with the treat of Sydney Vegan Market (Benatar 2017). Network and corporate partner connections The partners are the people and gatherings who can profit by the activity of the business. Reasonable treatment with the center partners helps in bringing benefits for the business. The most significant partner relationship is between that of business and the client. The individuals who go to the Sydney Vegan Market are given extraordinary item that helps in winning the client unwaveringness (Kellett 2016). The Sydney Vegan Market acquaints the customers with a sound lifestyle that decreases the danger of mortality by virtue of various conditions like hypertension, corpulence and cardiovascular infection. The purchasers of the items understand that creature item isn't vital for food and that a lot of asset is being squandered in light of the fact that we will in general help the development of creatures whom we slaughter later on (Wirnitzer et al. 2016). It will urge the clients to find out more and urge them to investigate various issues that they may have neglected before. Sydney Vegan Market is engaged with an organization with that of Vegan Distribution that points so as to carry humane goodness to that of the majority. Veggie lover Distribution is a pioneer comparable to circulation and import/fare of the eco-accommodating items. They are liable for sourcing the veggie lover items and they go about as an extraordinary distributer for the café and business. They have teamed up with Jalna that is an Australian business that is resolved to deliver nutritious nourishment (Byrd-Bredbenner et al. 2014). They have additionally cooperated with Campbell Arnott which is a huge nourishment producer inside Australia. The point of Campbell Arnott Team is to settle on smart dieting a simpler decision with the assistance of item development (Moskwa, Higgins-Desbiolles and Gifford 2015). The people group will incredibly profit by the Sydney Vegan Market as they would be edified about the significance of veggie lover nourishment and the constructive effect that it can have on the physical wellbeing of a person. Individuals would become more acquainted with about the benefits of veggie lover nourishment and it can help in impacting the choices of others. The Sydney Vegan market would incredibly energize the business who sell vegetarian item and urge them to grow their business. Occasion administration The Sydney veggie lover Market has an extraordinary hierarchical structure that guarantees that an enormous number of clients would go to the market. The occasion co-ordinator would sit at the highest point of the chain of command and under his dynamic direction the occasion organizer would work with the Client administration occasion supervisor. Occasion co-ordinators ought to have the option to finish countless exercises by utilizing clear correspondence alongside authoritative abilities. The Event Planner would work intimately with the co-ordinator so as to guarantee that the occasion capacities easily. They are liable for picking the area and providing food and has a great deal of duty comparable to the money office (Campbell-Arvai, Arvai and Kalof 2014). They help in guaranteeing that the group adheres to the spending plan. They assume a functioning job and is liable for doing the desk work. The Event Assistant would work under the Event administrator and they will be liable for making calls to the individuals who can help them in the field of research. The occasion right hand thinks pretty much all the moment subtleties of occasion and educates and organizes significant realities to the others. The creation director is liable for controlling the whole staff and they guarantee that the representatives are prepared enough and guarantee a protected workplace. They set up the Risk Assessment and they are liable for structuring the cutoff times. Expected occasion effects and effect appraisal Australia positions third as far as developing business sector of vegetarian nourishments and the Sydney of Vegan Market helps in advancing the veggie lover nourishments in a time where the occurrence of malignancy and various illnesses are on the ascent. It will prompt developing enthusiasm for connection to plant based cooking and many rumored eateries in Australia will follow veggie lover menus being propelled by this occasion (Rosenfeld and Burrow 2017). The enormous chains inside Australia will go to the without meat gathering and organizations like that of Subway and Dominos will approach to offer veggie lover menu choices. Numerous diners would begin to work under the flag of clean eating. It will offer ascent to an expansion in mercilessness free shop that sells more than that of 3500 veggie lover items (Cserhati and Szabo 2014). Veggie lover will turn into the new trendy expression and countless Australian buyers will get keen on brand vegetarian however they may not live as vegetarians. End: The principle motivation behind the Vegan Market of Sydney is supporting the veggie lovers so they can look after veganism. It is uniquely appropriate for those individuals who need to achieve an adjustment on the planet by taking response to veganism. It diminish the danger of mortality because of various conditions like hypertension and cardiovascular malady. The occasion co-ordinator helps in the association of the Sydney Vegan Market alongside that of occasion organizer and customer administration occasion director. They assume a huge job so as to guarantee that the occasion goes easily. The occasion co-ordinator with the assistance of his correspondence and association aptitudes guarantees that the Sydney Vegan Market draws in the consideration of countless individuals. The creation chief controls the whole staff and gives preparing to the representatives with the goal that a protected workplace is made. Subsequent to being propelled by the Sydney Vegan Market numerous diners wo uld get enlivened and they would begin to keep vegetarian menus. Numerous diners would begin working that offers the office of clean eating. References: Benatar, J., 2017. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in VegansA Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies.Heart, Lung and Circulation,26, pp.S344-S345. Blundell, L., 2014. Nourishment: The huge retail winner.Property Australia,28(4), p.60. Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Moe, G., Beshgetoor, D., Berning, J. also, Kelley, D., 2014.Wardlaw's Perspectives in Nutrition: A Functional Approach. McGraw-Hill. Campbell-Arvai, V., Arvai, J. also, Kalof, L., 2014. Spurring economical nourishment decisions: The job of prods, esteem direction, and data provision.Environment and Behavior,46(4), pp.453-475. Clarke, A., 2015. Vegetarianism and sustainability.Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society,21(2), p.106. Cserhati, G. also, Szabo, L., 2014. The connection between progress standards and achievement factors in authoritative occasion projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.613-624. Kellett, L., 2016. More eating regimen trends.Good Practice, (8), p.17. Moskwa, E., Higgins-Desbiolles, F. also, Gifford, S., 2015. Supportability through nourishment and discussion: the job of an innovative restaurateur in cultivating commitment with manageable advancement issues.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(1), pp.126-145. Rosenfeld, D.L. also, Burrow, A.L., 2017. The bound together model of veggie lover character: A calculated structure for understanding plant-based nourishment choices.Appetite,112, pp.78-95. Sydneyveganmarket.com (2018).About. [online] Sydney Vegan Market. Accessible at: https://www.sydneyveganmarket.com/[Accessed 3 Jan. 2018]. Wirnitzer, K.,

The Technologies Which Might Exist in the Future - Research - 275 Words

The Technologies Which Might Exist in the Future - Research (Essay Sample) Content: Future technologies[Student's name][Institution's name][Course name][Professor's name][Due date]Future technologiesAs technology remains to be the application of scientific knowledge, machinery and equipment will be in the making as long as science exists. Technology has been applied in the learning fields where there are blended learning, mobile learning and connectivity, communication among others. With the growth of science, there might be new inventions in technology and integration of new ideas in the communication field.Modern communication consists of radio systems that are used in communication. In the future, there might be much bigger inventions in communication like the use of network-based telepathy. Interrogations and interviews can be the most advantaged from this since the interviewers might not need to meet the interviewees; rather their brains might be connected with the power of telepathy. Michael Wesch said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"when media changes, c hange in human relationships is also inevitable' (Dann, 2014). With the growth in 3D imaging and scanning technologies, there might be an invention of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"virtual presence' where one will be able to project themselves to other locations of their choice (Computer Weekly, 2011, Electronic component news, 2011). This will enable interviews to be taken at any place without travel, just s...

Postmodernism And Consumer Society - 1809 Words

The Postmodernist movement begun after World War II in which, high and low culture are questionable in the view of society and Art. The postmodernist movement in literature creates a new set of ideals for fiction, such as the metafiction, the fable like representation in novels, the pastiche, irony, and satire. Fredric Jameson speaks about the movement and its theory in his essay â€Å"Postmodernism and Consumer Society†. He questions postmodernism in society as it creates the new societal norm of popular culture. On the other hand, Jean Baudrillard analyzes the simulacra of postmodernism in â€Å"The Precession of Simulacra†. Baudrillard speaks of the â€Å"truth† and â€Å"reality† also as a questionable representation for the reader. Yet, both critics†¦show more content†¦With this said, the true/reliable point of view in a postmodernist text is an â€Å"immense fragmentation and privatization of modern literature-its explosion into a host of a distinct private styles and mannerism-foreshadows deeper and more general tendencies in social life as a whole† (Jameson 1849). It is normal for a postmodern text to have a hidden viewpoint as it creates the complexity of the narrative, and portrays depth within the fiction. Art Spiegelman’s Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began† presents itself as having an authoritative point of view on page 25, with the split panels depicting the present and past. On the left side panel, we have the present illustrating Vladek and Art’s relationship and the retelling of Vladek’s journey of survival in the Holocaust. However, on the right side we have the depiction of the concentration camp through Vladek’s accounts (Spiegelman 25). The break of the panels shows the present relationship of father and son contrast to the loneliness of Vladek in the past during hard times. Erin McGlothlin expresses the importance of the break of panel through the aspect of aut horitative viewpoint as a â€Å"†¦visual†¦to signify the abrupt chasm between the past and present (a young, emaciated Vladek versus as aged, well dressed Vladek), while Vladek’s telling of the story appears to hold the two events together, linking the past and present in the process of narration† (McGlothlin 178). The point of view in Maus creates the depthShow MoreRelated Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism and Consumer Society Essay1831 Words   |  8 PagesLanguage (1972), The Political Consciousness (1981), Postmodernism or the Logic of Late Capitalism (1991), The Geopolitical Aesthetic: Cinema and Space in the World System (1992), and Brecht and Method (1998). For many years, he has been teaching literature at Duke University. 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Love a Midsummer Nights Dream Essay - 2195 Words

Types of Love Represented in â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, as in many of Shakespeares plays the main theme is love. Shakespeare presents many different aspects of love in the play. He shows how love can affect your vision of reality and make you behave in irrational ways. He presents many ways in which your behavior is affected by the different types and aspects of love. The main types of love he presents are; true love, unrequited love, sisterly love, jealous love, forced love, and parental love. Shakespeare tries to show what kinds of trouble, problems and confusion, love can get you into. The course of true love never did run smooth is one of the plays most famous quotes. However, when you look at the†¦show more content†¦Demetrius delivers this line in the forest after Helena has provided him with the information concerning Hermia and Lysanders plans to elope. Since Demetrius has taken what he wants from her and tells her to leave him alone. This shows that love can possess a cruel and abusive nature. The relationship between Helena and Hermia displays friendship love: Is all the counsel that we two have shared, The sisters vows, the hours we have spent (Act III, Scene II, Ln 188-189). This clearly shows the strong bond between Helena and Hermia. The fact that they confide in each other and have secrets between them shows trust, love and a strong friendship. The last phrase of the quote suggests a deep and long history between them, and this in turn implies the idea of friendship-love to be more long lasting, because the quote gives the idea the friends to be like sisters. Much like when Helena is listing out the comparisons of their closeness: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ So we grew together, Like to a double cherry, seeming parted, But yet a union in partition, Two lovely berries moulded on on stem; So with two seeming bodies, but one heart. 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Psychological Factors Consumer Buying Behavior †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Psychological Factors Consumer Buying Behavior. Answer: Introduction Consumer behavior refers to study of the individuals, group of people or organizations regarding the activities associated with the purchasing, using and disposal of products and services. This discipline also includes the study of the consumers emotional, psychological and behavioral responses resulting in those activities. As stated by Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte (2012), consumer behavior is a study of integrated social sciences with elements taken from sociology, psychology, ethnography, behavioral economics, social anthropology and marketing. This is a complex field of study. Understanding consumer behavior is extremely important for any consumer goods and services manufacturing company. The emotions, tastes and preferences and attitudes of the consumers have a significant influence on the buying behavior, which has a direct impact on the sales and profit of the goods (Solomon et al., 2014). The companies take appropriate actions regarding production and marketing strategies based on the consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is affected by many factors and psychological factors are one of them. While studying and understanding the consumers buying behavior, the companies must focus on understanding the psychological factors. There are many theories of consumer behavior that address various aspects of it and it is highly important to understand those by the product to make a strong position in the market. Frederiks, Stenner Hobman (2015) say that as there is constant change in the standard of living, fashion, trend, technology, tastes and preferences, the purchasing behavior of the consumers varies too. Consumer behavior is the foundation of revenue and profit for the business managers and marketers. The main purpose of marketing is to satisfy the needs and demands of the customers and understanding consumer behavior helps them to decide the changes to be made in the current process or introducing any new product or strategies to grow the business. Consumer behavior is mostly dependent on the psychological and social factors as well as on the business factors, such as, quality and price of the products and services, brand image etc. (Tukej, Golob Podnar, 2013). To make necessary changes in the features of the product or in the marketing strategy, the psychological factors of consumer behavior must be analyzed and understood by the companies. Theories of consumer behavior There are multiple theories of consumer behavior, addressing different aspects, suitable for different purpose. From the marketers point of view, there are four major theories of consumer behavior. These theories majorly focus on the psychological factors and purchasing behavior of the consumers. Those are as follows. This theory by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen in the late 1960s,addresses the pre-existing attitude of the customers that influence the purchasing decision making. The consumers act in their best intentions and take rational actions. The specificity is important, as the consumers take a specific decision when an equally specific outcome is expected (LaCaille, 2013). Hence, marketers must provide a specific positive result with a purchase and within the time between the intention of purchase and actual purchase the consumers can change their mind to change their purchase decision based on some rational act. EKB model expands the theory of reasoned action with a 5 step process during a purchasing behavior. The consumers first absorb the marketing information, process the information and compare with expectations and past experiences, take purchasing decision based on rational insight, while being influenced by the decisional variables and external factors and finally make the purchase (Solomon et al., 2014). The marketers must provide enough information to inflict the purchasing desire among the target consumers to create a brand image. This theory presents a pyramidal and hierarchical structure of the needs of people that shapes the motivation of them. The elements from the bottom of the pyramid are physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization (Anderson, 2014). The marketers try to create demands based on the hierarchy of needs. The consumers also prioritize their purchases towards fulfilling the needs, based on the hierarchy. This theory explains the creation of artificial need by the marketers. Consumers often make purchases based on the impulses. Sudden impulses for buying also exist alongside the rational buying decisions. According to Stern, the impulsive buying decisions are influenced by external factors. There are purely impulsive purchase, reminded impulsive purchase, suggested impulsive purchase and planned impulsive purchase. These provide immense scope to the marketers. They must find out the factors, such as, advertising, packaging and offers that can attract the target customers and create the impulses to make the purchase (Muruganantham Bhakat, 2013). Differences between consumer and organizational buying decisions Consumer buying decisions Organizational buying decisions Consumer wants and business needs Demand for discrete consumer products, which they may want but not need (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2012) Businesses need a solution to the specific business problems or equipment required for daily operation Specialized market Markets are huge with billions of customers Markets are smaller and vertical Degree of independence and closer proximity Remote transactions between buyers and sellers through a retailer (Tukej, Golob Podnar, 2013) Supplier visits the business to make a deal. Product importance Tangible products are more important Purchasing decisions goes beyond the tangible product and include various technical, economic and personal relationship (Wind, Thomas Sheth, 2014) Product customization Smaller consumer goods often do not provide the scope for high level of customization Business products are specialized. They need a high level of technical customization before applying Product knowledge Mass market does not require knowledge about the supplier or production process for purchasing (Oliver, 2014) Business buyers have in depth technical knowledge about the product, manufacturers and suppliers (Miller Rice, 2013) Expert buyers and multiple decision makers Individual purchasing decisions can be taken Collaborative decision taken by the board Buying process Informal and takes shorter time Formal and takes longer time Relationship between theory of consumer behavior and the development of marketing activities Marketing activities are developed according to the behavior of the consumers. Social, economic, psychological factors influence the purchasing decisions of the consumers. The marketing activities or strategies are designed following these factors and aligning those to the external and internal influential factors. Segmentation, targeting and positioning are done by the marketers according to the consumer behavior (Armstrong et al., 2015). By applying the theory of hierarchical needs or impulsive buying, the marketers segments the market and implements targeting policy according to their behavior. Positioning of the products is also done based on the consumer behavior. The marketing or promotional activities are designed according to the marketing strategies, undertaken following the theories of consumer behavior (Oliver, 2014). The critical analysis of the marketing activities and the underlying consumer behavior can be explained through some real world examples. The marketers take the theory of needs, impulsive buying and reasoned action into consideration while developing the marketing activities. For example, the luxury car manufactures create artificial need to the customers, and they buy the luxury car for satisfying the social reasons, such as, esteem, status. They put the price over the basic need, which is a Veblen effect (Lantos, 2015). The cosmetics companies create artificial need and psychological feel good factor to the women and women buy the products to satisfy their impulsive buying behavior or the need of esteem and self actualization by looking beautiful and feeling confident (Schtte Ciarlante, 2016). People buy cereals to satisfy the basic need of food, while the cereal manufacturing companies offer slightly differentiated products and engage in non-price competition to capture a bigger market. These activities are undertaken to satisfy the impulsive buying nature and the physiological need of the consumers (East et al., 2016). People visit amusement parks to satisfy the need for recreation and the parks provide the feel of adventure, thrill and satisfaction that motivate the consumers to visit the parks (Lin, Li You, 2012). Application of theoretical frameworks to real world consumer contexts All the above mentioned examples are from the real world that highlights different type of purchasing behavior. All of these behaviors follow from the psychological factors, influencing the consumer behavior. The psychological factors of consumer behavior include lifestyle, self-image and personality of the consumers. The mannerisms, habits, emotions, tastes and references, perceptions, motivation, lifestyle outlook, learned experiences and motives, self-esteem, traditionalism, attitudes and beliefs are the fundamental psychological factors that determine the path of the consumer behavior (Oliver, 2014). All the consumer behavior is the resulting effect of various psychological, social and economic factors, which come from the lifestyle, social status, income, desire of the people and these shape the brand image, brand loyalty and responses to the marketing post purchase. The motivation and attitude towards making a purchase comes from the desire to own the product that would boost t he social status or make the consumer feel confident or just fulfill the basic needs (Shiau Luo, 2012). Hence, understanding the psychological factors is extremely essential to get the essence of the consumer behavior for the businesses. The needs and wants of the consumers should be analyzed by applying different theories of the consumer behavior, which would help the marketers to make proper segments of the market and choose the most appropriate strategy for the target market. References Anderson, A. (2014). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.The Prairie Light Review,36(2), 7. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2016).Consumer behaviour: Applications in marketing. Sage. Frederiks, E. R., Stenner, K., Hobman, E. V. (2015). Household energy use: Applying behavioural economics to understand consumer decision-making and behaviour.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,41, 1385-1394. LaCaille, L. (2013). Theory of reasoned action. InEncyclopedia of behavioral medicine(pp. 1964-1967). Springer New York. Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Lin, S. J., Li, C. H., You, C. S. (2012). Consumer behavior and perception of marketing strategy for amusement parks: A case study of Taiwan.African Journal of Business Management,6(14), 4795. Miller, E. J., Rice, A. K. (Eds.). (2013).Systems of organization: The control of task and sentient boundaries. Routledge. Muruganantham, G., Bhakat, R. S. (2013). A review of impulse buying behavior.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), 149. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Schtte, H., Ciarlante, D. (2016).Consumer behaviour in Asia. Springer. Shiau, W. L., Luo, M. M. (2012). Factors affecting online group buying intention and satisfaction: A social exchange theory perspective.Computers in Human Behavior,28(6), 2431-2444. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tukej, U., Golob, U., Podnar, K. (2013). The role of consumerbrand identification in building brand relationships.Journal of business research,66(1), 53-59. Wind, Y., Thomas, R. J., Sheth, J. N. (2014).Organizational buying behavior. SAGE Publications.